Evaluating the Performance of Lateritic Soil Stabilized with Cement and Biomass Bottom Ash for Use as Pavement Materials

From the perspective of sustainable waste management and its environmental impact, biomass bottom ash (BA) remains problematic challenging to use as a recycling material for civil engineering infrastructures. This study evaluated performance lateritic soil (LS), stabilized with cement BA, subbase material. BA has been considered replacement in LS prior introduction hydraulic stabilization means. The geotechnical tests comprised modified Proctor test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) unconfined compression test. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) diffraction (XRD) were conducted investigate mineralogical properties samples. leachate test was performed permeability mold measure release heavy metals. Finally, benefits using assessed mechanistic–empirical (M–E) pavement design approach. Based on results obtained, strength stiffness characteristics soils indicate that efficiency mix satisfied Thailand highway specification. admixture 80% 5% is suggested soil–cement flexible pavements, due good properties. M–E demonstrate effectiveness presented herein. study’s outcomes are predicted promote utilization promising